Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Contionary:bu

2026-06-07T03:13:38Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|buchas|verbal noun|nambu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' dak bras jyit dungumat|It '''is''' ten o'clock.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* '''''bu''''', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|ibbu|ibbugi}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-06-07T03:13:18Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|buchas|verbal noun|nambu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|'''Bu''' dak bras jyit dungumat|It '''is''' ten o'clock.}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* '''''bu''''', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|ibbu|ibbugi}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:de

2026-06-07T03:11:01Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

==Avendonian==
===Pronunciation===
{{av-IPA|de}}
===Etymology===
{{av-lat|de|dē}}
===Preposition===
'''de'''
# of
# from
{{av-cat||prepositions}}

==[[Braereth]]==
[[Category: Contionary]]
[[Category: Braereth words]]
[[Category: Braereth adpositions]]
{{Template: Braereth Dialects|de|de|de|de|de|de̞|ti|ti}}

===Etymology===
From [[w: Latin|Latin]] '''''[[wikt: de|dē]]'''''

===Adposition===
'''de'''
# of, from, about
#: {{n-g|Before a vowel, '''[[Contionary: de#Braereth|de]]''' becomes '''[[Contionary: d’#Braereth|d’]]'''. }}

==Brooding==
[[Category:Brooding words]]
[[Category:Brooding particles]]

===Pronunciation===
(''Brooding'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /dɛ/

===Particle===
'''de'''

# this, ''proximal demonstrative''.

== Carnian ==
=== Etymology ===
From {{der|carn|sla-pro|*kъde}}.

=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|[dɛ]}}

=== Pronoun ===
{{head|carn|pronoun}}

# [[wikt:where#English|where]] (in what place?)
#: {{syn|carn|canda}} (to what place?)
#: {{ux|carn|'''De''' san moje cluche?|'''Where''' are my keys?|inline=yes}}

=== Conjunction ===
{{head|carn|conjunction}}

# [[wikt:where#English|where]]

==[[Europic]]==
[[Category: Europic words]]
[[Category: Europic adverbs]]
[[Category: Europic prepositions]]
[[Category: Europic verbs]]
[[Category: Europic short-form verbs]]
{{Template: Europic Pronuncation|de}}

===Adverb (Preposition)===
'''de'''
# of, from

===Verb===
'''de'''
# to do, to make
#: Has long-form variant ''[[Contionary: derte#Europic|derte]]''.

====Synonyms====
* ''[[Contionary: derte#Europic|derte]]'' ‘to do’

==Esmitan==
===Etymology===
From an unknown [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#substrate|substrate language]].
===Pronunciation===
(''Esmitan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /de/ [dɛ]

===Adjective===
'''de'''
# previous

{| class="mw-collapsible bluetable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ '''Declension of ''de'' <small>(irregular)</small>'''
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | isolated
! colspan="2" | compound
|-
! colspan="2" | !! singular !! plural !! singular !! plural
|-
! colspan="2" | no mood
| {{term|di}} || {{term|dí}} || {{term|dese}} || {{term|desej}}
|-
! colspan="2" | certain
| {{term|eli}} || {{term|elí}} || {{term|elese}} || {{term|elesej}}
|-
! colspan="2" | uncertain
| {{term|u}} || {{term|uj}} || {{term|dise}} || {{term|disej}}
|-
! rowspan="3" | superlative
! no mood
| {{term|daj}} || {{term|dáj}} || {{term|däse}} || {{term|däsej}}
|-
! certain
| {{term|elaj}} || {{term|eláj}} || {{term|eläse}} || {{term|eläsej}}
|-
! uncertain
| {{term|daje}} || {{term|däj}} || {{term|dajse}} || {{term|dajsej}}
|-
|}

===Derived terms===
* {{term|dechor}}

== [[Intralingua]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
IPA: /de/

=== Etymology ===
from Latin [[wikt:de|de]], from Proto-Indo-European [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de|*de]].

===Preposition===
# from
# since
# of
# with
# by means of
# to
# for

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Intralingua words]] [[Category:Intralingua prepositions]] [[Category:Contionary]]

==Reneissan==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===

===Pronunciation===
(''Reneissan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /d̪ə/

===Preposition===
'''de'''
# of, 's
# from

==== Derived terms ====
When followed by a definite article, ''de'' is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! a + article !! combined form
|-
| de + {{C|il}} || {{C|dé}}
|-
| de + {{C|i}} || {{C|di}}
|-
| de + {{C|la}} || {{C|della}}
|-
| de + {{C|lai}} || {{C|dellai}}
|-
| de + {{C|l'}} || {{C|dell'}}
|-
| de + {{C|lais}} || {{C|dellais}}
|}

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Reneissan prepositions]][[Category:Reneissan words]]

==Rokadong==
{{number box|anrdg|2}}

===Pronunciation===
(''Pahang'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: [{{IPA|deꜜ}}] ({{term|akajairi|aka}})

===Numeral===
{{Roka-head|eD|numeral}}

# two (number)
#: ''example usage of '''de''' here''
#:: ''italicised translation here.''

====Related terms====
{{Roka-numbers}}

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[tɪ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[te]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|dechas|verbal noun|nande}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''De''' ngu lia jye ta.|I '''am''' that man that you are looking for.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''De''' ho kuang ngumat.|He '''is''' my friend.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''De''' Tsongla ti!|Why, it '''is''' Tsongla!|inline=1}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sde|de|rde|tʰɪ|tɪ|rɪ}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* '''''de''''', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* ''{{thus|bu}}'', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|rude <t:creature>|nande <t:existence>}}

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Rokadong words]]

Contionary:de

2026-06-07T03:10:15Z

Hailirev: /* Rokadong */

==Avendonian==
===Pronunciation===
{{av-IPA|de}}
===Etymology===
{{av-lat|de|dē}}
===Preposition===
'''de'''
# of
# from
{{av-cat||prepositions}}

==[[Braereth]]==
[[Category: Contionary]]
[[Category: Braereth words]]
[[Category: Braereth adpositions]]
{{Template: Braereth Dialects|de|de|de|de|de|de̞|ti|ti}}

===Etymology===
From [[w: Latin|Latin]] '''''[[wikt: de|dē]]'''''

===Adposition===
'''de'''
# of, from, about
#: {{n-g|Before a vowel, '''[[Contionary: de#Braereth|de]]''' becomes '''[[Contionary: d’#Braereth|d’]]'''. }}

==Brooding==
[[Category:Brooding words]]
[[Category:Brooding particles]]

===Pronunciation===
(''Brooding'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /dɛ/

===Particle===
'''de'''

# this, ''proximal demonstrative''.

== Carnian ==
=== Etymology ===
From {{der|carn|sla-pro|*kъde}}.

=== Pronunciation ===
* [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPA|[dɛ]}}

=== Pronoun ===
{{head|carn|pronoun}}

# [[wikt:where#English|where]] (in what place?)
#: {{syn|carn|canda}} (to what place?)
#: {{ux|carn|'''De''' san moje cluche?|'''Where''' are my keys?|inline=yes}}

=== Conjunction ===
{{head|carn|conjunction}}

# [[wikt:where#English|where]]

==[[Europic]]==
[[Category: Europic words]]
[[Category: Europic adverbs]]
[[Category: Europic prepositions]]
[[Category: Europic verbs]]
[[Category: Europic short-form verbs]]
{{Template: Europic Pronuncation|de}}

===Adverb (Preposition)===
'''de'''
# of, from

===Verb===
'''de'''
# to do, to make
#: Has long-form variant ''[[Contionary: derte#Europic|derte]]''.

====Synonyms====
* ''[[Contionary: derte#Europic|derte]]'' ‘to do’

==Esmitan==
===Etymology===
From an unknown [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#substrate|substrate language]].
===Pronunciation===
(''Esmitan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /de/ [dɛ]

===Adjective===
'''de'''
# previous

{| class="mw-collapsible bluetable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ '''Declension of ''de'' <small>(irregular)</small>'''
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | isolated
! colspan="2" | compound
|-
! colspan="2" | !! singular !! plural !! singular !! plural
|-
! colspan="2" | no mood
| {{term|di}} || {{term|dí}} || {{term|dese}} || {{term|desej}}
|-
! colspan="2" | certain
| {{term|eli}} || {{term|elí}} || {{term|elese}} || {{term|elesej}}
|-
! colspan="2" | uncertain
| {{term|u}} || {{term|uj}} || {{term|dise}} || {{term|disej}}
|-
! rowspan="3" | superlative
! no mood
| {{term|daj}} || {{term|dáj}} || {{term|däse}} || {{term|däsej}}
|-
! certain
| {{term|elaj}} || {{term|eláj}} || {{term|eläse}} || {{term|eläsej}}
|-
! uncertain
| {{term|daje}} || {{term|däj}} || {{term|dajse}} || {{term|dajsej}}
|-
|}

===Derived terms===
* {{term|dechor}}

== [[Intralingua]] ==
=== Pronunciation ===
IPA: /de/

=== Etymology ===
from Latin [[wikt:de|de]], from Proto-Indo-European [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de|*de]].

===Preposition===
# from
# since
# of
# with
# by means of
# to
# for

{{Aquatiki}}
[[Category:Intralingua words]] [[Category:Intralingua prepositions]] [[Category:Contionary]]

==Reneissan==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===

===Pronunciation===
(''Reneissan'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /d̪ə/

===Preposition===
'''de'''
# of, 's
# from

==== Derived terms ====
When followed by a definite article, ''de'' is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! a + article !! combined form
|-
| de + {{C|il}} || {{C|dé}}
|-
| de + {{C|i}} || {{C|di}}
|-
| de + {{C|la}} || {{C|della}}
|-
| de + {{C|lai}} || {{C|dellai}}
|-
| de + {{C|l'}} || {{C|dell'}}
|-
| de + {{C|lais}} || {{C|dellais}}
|}

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Reneissan prepositions]][[Category:Reneissan words]]

==Rokadong==
{{number box|anrdg|2}}

===Pronunciation===
(''Pahang'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: [{{IPA|deꜜ}}] ({{term|akajairi|aka}})

===Numeral===
{{Roka-head|eD|numeral}}

# two (number)
#: ''example usage of '''de''' here''
#:: ''italicised translation here.''

====Related terms====
{{Roka-numbers}}

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[tɪ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[te]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|dechas|verbal noun|nande}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''De''' ngu lia jye ta.|I '''am''' that man that you are looking for.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''De''' ho kuang ngumat.|He '''is''' my friend.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''De''' Tsongla ti!|Why, it '''is''' Tsongla!|inline=1}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sde|de|rde|tʰɪ|tɪ|rɪ}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* '''''de''''', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* ''{{thus|bu}}'', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|rude <t:being>}}

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Rokadong words]]

Contionary:bu

2026-06-07T02:55:55Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|buchas|verbal noun|nambu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* '''''bu''''', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|ibbu|ibbugi}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:36:02Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]]; related to ''{{thus|mie}}'' ("eye").

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[meŋ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[mɤ̃ː]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|mengchas|verbal noun|nammeng}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to look over, to examine, to judge
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody
#: {{syn|thus|mengdzang|dzang}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to view something, such as paintings or moving pictures
#: {{ux|thus|beichas '''meng''' wiamuans|to go '''see''' a movie|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''mengchas''' wiatriak|to '''watch''' a video|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to foresee, to foretell
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to find out; to learn; to ascertain.
#: {{ux|thus|gamchas '''meng'''|to wait and '''see'''|inline=1}}

==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|smeng|meng|meng|meŋ|meŋ|meŋ}}

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|mengdzang <t:to take care of>|mreng|ryekmeng <t:soothsayer>|mengnadz <t:viewer>|dreimeng <t:to view>|menghok <t:to belittle>|mengyok <t:to exalt>}}

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:34:58Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:30:05Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:29:35Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:29:15Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:28:10Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:27:53Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]]; related to ''{{thus|mie}}'' ("eye").

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[meŋ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[mɤ̃ː]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|mengchas|verbal noun|nammeng}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to look over, to examine, to judge
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody
#: {{syn|thus|mengdzang|dzang}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to view something, such as paintings or moving pictures
#: {{ux|thus|beichas '''meng''' wiamuans|to go '''see''' a movie|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''mengchas''' wiatriak|to '''watch''' a video|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to foresee, to foretell
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to find out; to learn; to ascertain.
#: {{ux|thus|gamchas '''meng'''|to wait and see|inline=1}}

==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|smeng|meng|meng|meŋ|meŋ|meŋ}}

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|mengdzang|mreng}}

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:27:31Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]]; related to ''{{thus|mie}}'' ("eye").

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[meŋ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[mɤ̃ː]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|mengchas|verbal noun|nammeng}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to look over, to examine, to judge
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody
#: {{syn|thus|mengdzang|dzang}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to view something, such as paintings or moving pictures
#: {{ux|thus|beichas '''meng''' wiamuans|to go '''see''' a movie|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''mengchas''' wiatriak|to '''watch''' a video|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to foresee, to foretell
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to find out; to learn; to ascertain.
#: {{ux|thus|gamchas '''mengchas-gi'''|to wait and see|inline=1}}

==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|smeng|meng|meng|meŋ|meŋ|meŋ}}

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|mengdzang|mreng}}

Contionary:meng

2026-06-02T01:25:00Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]]; related to ''{{thus|mie}}'' ("eye").

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[meŋ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[mɤ̃ː]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|mengchas|verbal noun|nammeng}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to look over, to examine, to judge
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody
#: {{syn|thus|mengdzang|dzang}}
# {{lb|thus|transitive}} to view something, such as paintings or moving pictures
#: {{ux|thus|beichas '''meng''' wiamuans|to go '''see''' a movie|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''mengchas''' wiatriak|to '''watch''' a video|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to foresee, to foretell
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to see; to find out; to learn; to ascertain.

==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|smeng|meng|meng|meŋ|meŋ|meŋ}}

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|mengdzang|mreng}}

Contionary:ryek

2026-05-28T09:12:18Z

Hailirev: /* Noun */

== Thustani ==
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[ʂek]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[ʃek]}}
=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|ru}}
# doctor, physician, etc. (person specialising in medicine)
# {{lb|thus|archaic}} person specialising in supernatural affairs
## {{lb|thus|archaic}} soothsayer {{syn|thus|ryekmeng}}
## {{lb|thus|archaic}} shaman, healer {{syn|thus|ryektis}}

==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|ryek|ʂek|velar}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|ryekmeng <t:soothsayer>|nuiryek <t:hospital>|ryekshu|ryektis <t:shaman>|ryekten|ryeklat <t: veterinarian>|nanryek}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by ru]]

Contionary:lat

2026-05-28T09:08:48Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

{{nm-header|lat}}
{{nm-got|𐌻𐌰𐍄𐍃|lats}}
{{nm-adj-2|làt|lä̀t|slow
# lazy}}
====Derived terms====
* ''{{term|läte#Niemish|lä̀te}}'' ("slowness")
====Antonyms====
* ''{{term|snimm#Niemish|snìmm}}'' ("fast, quick")

==Skundavisk==
===Etymology===
From Middle Skundavisk ''lat'', from Old Skundavisk ''lata'', from Halmisk ''ᛚᚨᛏᚨ'' (''lata''), ''ᛚᚨᛏᚨᛉ'' (''lataŕ''), from Proto-Germanic ''*lataz''.

===Pronunciation===
* [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /lat/

===Adjective===
'''lat''' (''comparative'' '''læter''', ''superlative'' '''lætest''')

# late
#: ''Si kamen '''lat''' an.''
#:: ''They arrived '''late'''.''

====Inflection====

{| class="wikitable alternance"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgrey" | number and gender
! colspan="3" style="background-color:lightgrey" | singular
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgrey" | plural
|-
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgrey" | masculine
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgrey" | feminine
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgrey" | neuter
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgrey" | all genders
|-
! colspan="2" style="background-color:lightyellow" | predicative
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | hi is lat
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | si is lat
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | hit is lat
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | si sind lat
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightblue" | strong declension
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightblue" | common
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | lat
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | late
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | lat
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | late
|-
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightblue" | genitive
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | lates
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | later
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | lates
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | later
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color:lightgreen" | weak declension
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgreen" | common
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | late
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | late
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | late
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | laten
|-
! colspan="1" style="background-color:lightgreen" | genitive
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | laten
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | laten
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | laten
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center" | laten
|}

====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Skundavisk words]] [[Category:Skundavisk adjectives]]

== Thustani ==
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[lɐt]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[lɑt]}}
=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|luk}}
# animal
## member of the kingdom Animalia
## non-human being
## {{lb|thus|figurative}} a brutish person (animalistic, having strength, hairiness, etc.)
##: {{ux|thus|Yin ho nyad '''lat''' ber yin mlua.|He's like an animal when drunk.}}
## {{lb|thus|slang|derogatory}} a foolish person; despicable person
##: {{ux|thus|'''lat''' nanjung|political animal|inline=1}}
# being; creature; living thing
#: {{ux|thus|'''lat''' dzungang|worldly '''beings'''}}

==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|lat|lɐt|dental}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by luk]]
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|latshang|wuanlat<t:zoo>|latdzung|latdaman|latsban|latdzang <t:pet>|latmondzang <t:mammal>|ryeklat <t:veterinarian>}}

Contionary:lat

2026-05-28T09:08:22Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

Contionary:lat

2026-05-28T09:08:04Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

Contionary:chyek

2026-05-28T09:06:20Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

== Thustani ==
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[t͡ɕʰek]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[ʈ͡ʃʰek]}}

=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|ru}}
# child; person younger than adulthood
#: {{syn|thus|jen}}
#: {{ux|thus|Yeng '''chyekngo''' giyeng.|'''The child''' is playing with toys.}}
# baby, infant
#: {{syn|thus|chyekmon}}
# {{lb|thus|slang|vulgar}} subordinate; servant; attendant.
==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|chyek|t͡ɕʰek|velar}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by ru]]
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|chyekmon <t:toddler>|chyekgimra <t:orphan>}}

Contionary:aba

2026-05-28T09:03:39Z

Hailirev: /* Derived terms */

==Avendonian==
===Verb===
{{av-mv|abere|first-person singular present subjunctive|third-person singular present subjunctive}}

==Mystana==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mystana'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aba/ [ˈʔabæ]
===Noun/Adjective===
'''aba'''
# {{n-g|nominative singular of '' '''{{term|abe}}'}}

== Thustani ==
=== Etymology ===
Onomatopoeic nursery word.
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɐpɐ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɑpɑ]}}

=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|ru}}
# father, dad
#: {{syn|thus|ba|baba}}
# priest
#: {{syn|thus|abanag}}
# creator
#: {{syn|thus|rutam}}
==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|aba|ɐpɐ|vowel}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by ru]]
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|abangihen <t:godfather>|abanag <t:priest>|abasant <t:Holy Father>|abama <t:parents>|abadzang <t:stepfather>|abagijengi <t:father and son>|abagi-jengi|abadrags <t: father-in-law>|nanabasant|abadzo <t:fatherhood>|abang|nanabang}}

==Valian==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===
{{etym}}
===Pronunciation===
(''Standard Valian'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈɑb̥ɑˑ/
===Noun===
{{Qvl torm form|aba}}

# a bird
#: ''Tee ruunate saolattavain '''abain'''.''
#:: ''I see the singing birds.''

====Inflection====
{{Valian torm declension|aba}}
====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Valian nouns]] [[Category:Valian words]]

Contionary:aba

2026-05-28T08:59:10Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

==Avendonian==
===Verb===
{{av-mv|abere|first-person singular present subjunctive|third-person singular present subjunctive}}

==Mystana==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mystana'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aba/ [ˈʔabæ]
===Noun/Adjective===
'''aba'''
# {{n-g|nominative singular of '' '''{{term|abe}}'}}

== Thustani ==
=== Etymology ===
Onomatopoeic nursery word.
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɐpɐ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɑpɑ]}}

=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|ru}}
# father, dad
#: {{syn|thus|ba|baba}}
# priest
#: {{syn|thus|abanag}}
# creator
#: {{syn|thus|rutam}}
==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|aba|ɐpɐ|vowel}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by ru]]
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|abangihen <t:godfather>|abanag <t:priest>|abasant <t:Holy Father>|abama <t:parents>|abadzang <t:stepfather>|abagijengi <t:father and son>|abadrags <t: father-in-law>}}

==Valian==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===
{{etym}}
===Pronunciation===
(''Standard Valian'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈɑb̥ɑˑ/
===Noun===
{{Qvl torm form|aba}}

# a bird
#: ''Tee ruunate saolattavain '''abain'''.''
#:: ''I see the singing birds.''

====Inflection====
{{Valian torm declension|aba}}
====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Valian nouns]] [[Category:Valian words]]

Contionary:aba

2026-05-28T08:54:08Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

==Avendonian==
===Verb===
{{av-mv|abere|first-person singular present subjunctive|third-person singular present subjunctive}}

==Mystana==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mystana'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aba/ [ˈʔabæ]
===Noun/Adjective===
'''aba'''
# {{n-g|nominative singular of '' '''{{term|abe}}'}}

== Thustani ==
=== Etymology ===
Onomatopoeic nursery word.
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɐpɐ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɑpɑ]}}

=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|ru}}
# father, dad
#: {{syn|thus|ba|baba}}
# priest
#: {{syn|thus|abanag}}
# creator
#: {{syn|thus|rutam}}
==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|aba|ɐpɐ|vowel}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by ru]]
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|abangihen <t:godfather>}}

==Valian==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===
{{etym}}
===Pronunciation===
(''Standard Valian'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈɑb̥ɑˑ/
===Noun===
{{Qvl torm form|aba}}

# a bird
#: ''Tee ruunate saolattavain '''abain'''.''
#:: ''I see the singing birds.''

====Inflection====
{{Valian torm declension|aba}}
====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Valian nouns]] [[Category:Valian words]]

Contionary:aba

2026-05-28T08:52:48Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

==Avendonian==
===Verb===
{{av-mv|abere|first-person singular present subjunctive|third-person singular present subjunctive}}

==Mystana==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mystana'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aba/ [ˈʔabæ]
===Noun/Adjective===
'''aba'''
# {{n-g|nominative singular of '' '''{{term|abe}}'}}

== Thustani ==
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɐpɐ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɑpɑ]}}

=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|ru}}
# father, dad
#: {{syn|thus|ba|baba}}
# priest
#: {{syn|thus|abanag}}
# creator
#: {{syn|thus|rutam}}
==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|aba|ɐpɐ|vowel}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by ru]]
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|abangihen <t:godfather>}}

==Valian==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===
{{etym}}
===Pronunciation===
(''Standard Valian'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈɑb̥ɑˑ/
===Noun===
{{Qvl torm form|aba}}

# a bird
#: ''Tee ruunate saolattavain '''abain'''.''
#:: ''I see the singing birds.''

====Inflection====
{{Valian torm declension|aba}}
====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Valian nouns]] [[Category:Valian words]]

Contionary:aba

2026-05-28T08:48:30Z

Hailirev:

==Avendonian==
===Verb===
{{av-mv|abere|first-person singular present subjunctive|third-person singular present subjunctive}}

==Mystana==
===Pronunciation===
(''Mystana'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /aba/ [ˈʔabæ]
===Noun/Adjective===
'''aba'''
# {{n-g|nominative singular of '' '''{{term|abe}}'}}

== Thustani ==
=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɐpɐ]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[ɑpɑ]}}

=== Noun ===
{{head|thus|noun|classifier|ru}}
# father, dad
#: {{syn|thus|ba|baba|bab}}
# priest
#: {{syn|thus|abanag}}
# creator
## {{lb|thus|by extension}} origin
==== Declension ====
{{thus-decl|aba|ɐpɐ|vowel}}
[[Category:Thustani nouns classified by ru]]
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|chyekmon|chyekgimra}}

==Valian==
===Alternative forms===

===Etymology===
{{etym}}
===Pronunciation===
(''Standard Valian'') [[Guide:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈɑb̥ɑˑ/
===Noun===
{{Qvl torm form|aba}}

# a bird
#: ''Tee ruunate saolattavain '''abain'''.''
#:: ''I see the singing birds.''

====Inflection====
{{Valian torm declension|aba}}
====Usage notes====
====Synonyms====
====Derived terms====
====Related terms====

[[Category:Contionary]] [[Category:Valian nouns]] [[Category:Valian words]]

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T13:07:35Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|buchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* '''''bu''''', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|ibbu|ibbugi}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:58:01Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* '''''bu''''', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|ibbu|ibbugi}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:49:45Z

Hailirev: /* Usage notes */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* '''''bu''''', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:49:31Z

Hailirev: /* Usage notes */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* '''''{{thus|bu}}''''', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:47:32Z

Hailirev: /* Usage notes */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time).
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* ''{{thus|bu}}'', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:47:14Z

Hailirev: /* Usage notes */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time):
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* ''{{thus|bu}}'', an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:46:03Z

Hailirev: /* Usage notes */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to "to be," typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time):
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* ''{{thus|bu}}, an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:45:50Z

Hailirev: /* Usage notes */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to “to be”, typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time):
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* ''{{thus|bu}}, an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T12:45:39Z

Hailirev: /* Usage notes */

== Thustani ==

=== Etymology ===
Inherited from [[Old Thustani]].

=== Pronunciation ===
* (''Wangdru''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}
* (''Chyintiang''): {{ipa+|thus|[pu]}}

=== Verb ===
{{head|thus|verb|infinitive|puchas|verbal noun|nampu}}
# {{lb|thus|copulative}} to be (see usage notes)
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ngu timar.|I '''am''' here.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' ku nyai?|Where '''are''' you?|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|'''Bu''' kung ngi Jung-ngo.|They '''are''' in China.|inline=1}}
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to live, be alive
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to dwell, to live, reside
# {{lb|thus|intransitive}} to remain, to stay
#: {{ux|thus|San nyadzinka, ya '''rbu''' timar.|No matter how long, I'll '''be''' here.}}
==== Conjugation ====
{{thus-conj|sbu|bu|rbu|pʰu|pu|ʈʂu}}
==== Usage notes ====
Several verbs can be translated to English “to be”, typically labelled as copulas. There are two types of copulas: essential (denoting the quality) and existential (denoting the location or time):
* ''{{thus|de}}'', an essential equative copula but also typically used for definiteness or a specific referent being spoken about.
* ''{{thus|yin}}'', a general essential copula linking adjectives and substantives, such as state, profession, type, etc.
* ''{{thus|bu}}, an existential copula used for instances in time (along with the preposition ''{{thus|dak}}'') and general location (with locative prepositions).

==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sibu|}}

=== Adverb ===
{{head|thus|adverb}}
# used to indicate that an action is being done or a condition is still happening
#: {{ux|thus|Kam ngu '''bu'''.|I'm eating.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|thus|Ei-ti! Mar ngu timar '''bu''', ne!|Hey! I'm walkin' here!|inline=1}}
==== Derived terms ====
{{col|thus|sbu}}

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:59:51Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:48:02Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:47:53Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:47:16Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:46:48Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:42:01Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:41:26Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:34:59Z

Hailirev: /* Adverb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:32:56Z

Hailirev: /* Adverb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:32:41Z

Hailirev: /* Adverb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:31:40Z

Hailirev: /* Adverb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:31:03Z

Hailirev: /* Adverb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:30:53Z

Hailirev: /* Adverb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:14:49Z

Hailirev: /* Verb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:14:13Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:13:55Z

Hailirev: /* Adverb */

Contionary:bu

2026-05-27T10:13:22Z

Hailirev: /* Thustani */