Linguifex - User contributions [en]

VRL

2026-03-25T16:52:54Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* VRL */

==VRL==
===Introduction===
'''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based standard?”'', as it significantly incorporates elements brought from both popular and literary Tuscan on Roman speech. The language itself heavily draws from major authors such as ''[[w:it:Bartolomeo di Iacovo da Valmontone|Anonimo Romano]]'', ''[[w:it:Cristoforo Castelletti|Cristoforo Castelletti]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Berneri|Giuseppe Berneri]]'', ''[[w:it:Bendetto Micheli|Benedetto Micheli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Gioachino Belli|Giuseppe Gioachino Belli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giggi Zanazzo|Giggi Zanazzo]]'', ''[[w:it:Cesare Pascarella|Cesare Pascarella]]'', ''[[w:it:Trilussa|Trilussa]]'' and ''[[w:it:Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pier Paolo Pasolini]]'', with their major works being the ''[[wikisource:it:Cronica|Cronica]]'', ''[https://archive.org/details/stravaganzedamor00cast/page/88/mode/2up Stravaganze d’Amore]'', ''[https://www.poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/poetiscrittori/poeta/GiuseppeBerneri Meo Patacca]'', ''[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:0d0d0236-9b33-4bd5-8994-7b0c0567eee8 Povesie in Lengua Romanesca]'', ''[[wikisource:it:Sonetti romaneschi|Sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''[https://ia801601.us.archive.org/30/items/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft.pdf%20*Usi,%20e%20Costumi%20e%20Pregiudizi%20del%20Popolo%20di%20Roma%20|%20Giggi%20Zanazzo* Usi, Costumi e Pregiudizi del Popolo di Roma]'', ''[[w:it:Quaranta sonetti romaneschi|Quaranta sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''Trilussa''’s various ''[https://poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/Poetiscrittori/poeta/Trilussa works]'', ''[[w:it:Ragazzi di vita|Ragazzi di vita]]'', and in conclusion ''Fernando Ravaro''’s '''''Dizionario romanesco''''' and the '''''Vocabolario del Romanesco Contemporaneo''''' by ''Paolo d’Achille'' and ''Claudio Giovanni''. The project does not establish a hierarchy among its sources: forms may be adopted from literary texts, spoken usage, or contemporary media (such as Instagram and TikTok, or street graffiti) whenever they are attested and compatible with the system, even if ''[[w:en:hapax legomenon|hapax]]''. Some other forms may be reconstructed or speculated on the basis of irregular dialectal phenomena that become generalised in the selection or even neighbouring dialects which are historically proven to have influenced the Capital’s language (for example [[w:it:dialetto perugino|Perugine]] or [[w:it:dialetto lucchese|Lucchese]]).

Here is an example sentence (“I have begun to spill the beans, although we are forbidden by our mistresses, and we must never tell it, if not to those who want to learn”, with the 1527-1528 versions originally spoken and recorded respectively) translated in sundry variants of the vernacular of the corresponding time:

''XIV century''<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a sciogliere lo sacco, anco se simo vetate dalle nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''About 1527-1528''<blockquote>'''Witch:''' Io aio cumenzato a scioiere lu sacco, de che semo vetate dale nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Notary:''' Io ho comenziato ad sciogliere el sacco, benché siamo vetate dalle nostre patrone, che no lo habiamo mai a dire, se non a chi el volesse imparare.</blockquote>''XVIII century''<blockquote>Io ho cominzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le nostre padrone, e nol potemo dine si non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''XIX century''<blockquote>Io ho incominciato a sgnaccherà, sibbè semo vietate da le padrone nostre, e nu lo potemo dì sinnò a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''2000>''<blockquote>Io ho ncominciato a parlà, pure se ’e padrone nostra ncio’o fanno fà, e no’o potemo dì se no a chi j’’o mparamo.</blockquote>And here is a more refined version, which condenses all the previous material:<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a esgnaccarar, sibbè da le patrone nostra siam vetate, e mai l’aiamo a dine, si none al quale sel voless’imparane.</blockquote>

VRL

2026-03-25T16:52:16Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Introduction */

==VRL==
===Introduction===
'''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based standard?”'', as it significantly incorporates elements brought from both popular and literary Tuscan on Roman speech. The language itself heavily draws from major authors such as ''[[w:it:Bartolomeo di Iacovo da Valmontone|Anonimo Romano]]'', ''[[w:it:Cristoforo Castelletti|Cristoforo Castelletti]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Berneri|Giuseppe Berneri]]'', ''[[w:it:Bendetto Micheli|Benedetto Micheli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Gioachino Belli|Giuseppe Gioachino Belli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giggi Zanazzo|Giggi Zanazzo]]'', ''[[w:it:Cesare Pascarella|Cesare Pascarella]]'', ''[[w:it:Trilussa|Trilussa]]'' and ''[[w:it:Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pier Paolo Pasolini]]'', with their major works being the ''[[wikisource:it:Cronica|Cronica]]'', ''[https://archive.org/details/stravaganzedamor00cast/page/88/mode/2up Stravaganze d’Amore]'', ''[https://www.poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/poetiscrittori/poeta/GiuseppeBerneri Meo Patacca]'', ''[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:0d0d0236-9b33-4bd5-8994-7b0c0567eee8 Povesie in Lengua Romanesca]'', ''[[wikisource:it:Sonetti romaneschi|Sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''[https://ia801601.us.archive.org/30/items/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft.pdf%20*Usi,%20e%20Costumi%20e%20Pregiudizi%20del%20Popolo%20di%20Roma%20|%20Giggi%20Zanazzo* Usi, Costumi e Pregiudizi del Popolo di Roma]'', ''[[w:it:Quaranta sonetti romaneschi|Quaranta sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''Trilussa''’s various ''[https://poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/Poetiscrittori/poeta/Trilussa works]'', ''[[w:it:Ragazzi di vita|Ragazzi di vita]]'', and in conclusion ''Fernando Ravaro''’s '''''Dizionario romanesco''''' and the '''''Vocabolario del Romanesco Contemporaneo''''' by ''Paolo d’Achille'' and ''Claudio Giovanni''. The project does not establish a hierarchy among its sources: forms may be adopted from literary texts, spoken usage, or contemporary media (such as Instagram and TikTok, or street graffiti) whenever they are attested and compatible with the system, even if ''[[w:en:hapax legomenon|hapax]]''. Some other forms may be reconstructed or speculated on the basis of irregular dialectal phenomena that become generalised in the selection or even neighbouring dialects which are historically proven to have influenced the Capital’s language (for example [[w:it:dialetto perugino|Perugine]] or [[w:it:dialetto lucchese|Lucchese]]).

Here is an example sentence (“I have begun to spill the beans, although we are forbidden by our mistresses, and we must never tell it, if not to those who want to learn”, with the 1527-1528 versions originally spoken and recorded respectively) translated in sundry variants of the vernacular of the corresponding time:

''XIV century''<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a sciogliere lo sacco, anco se simo vetate dalle nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''About 1527-1528''<blockquote>'''Witch:''' Io aio cumenzato a scioiere lu sacco, de che semo vetate dale nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Notary:''' Io ho comenziato ad sciogliere el sacco, benché siamo vetate dalle nostre patrone, che no lo habiamo mai a dire, se non a chi el volesse imparare.</blockquote>''XVIII century''<blockquote>Io ho cominzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le nostre padrone, e no’ lo potemo dine si non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''XIX century''<blockquote>Io ho incominciato a sgnaccherà, sibbè semo vietate da le padrone nostre, e nu lo potemo dì sinnò a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''2000>''<blockquote>Io ho ncominciato a parlà, pure se ’e padrone nostra ncio’o fanno fà, e no’o potemo dì se no a chi j’’o mparamo.</blockquote>And here is a more refined version, which condenses all the previous material:<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a esgnaccarar, sibbè da le patrone nostra siam vetate, e mai l’aiamo a dine, si none al quale sel voless’imparane.</blockquote>

VRL

2026-03-20T20:32:29Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* VRL */

==VRL==
===Introduction===
'''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based standard?”'', as it significantly incorporates elements brought from both popular and literary Tuscan on Roman speech. The language itself heavily draws from major authors such as ''[[w:it:Bartolomeo di Iacovo da Valmontone|Anonimo Romano]]'', ''[[w:it:Cristoforo Castelletti|Cristoforo Castelletti]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Berneri|Giuseppe Berneri]]'', ''[[w:it:Bendetto Micheli|Benedetto Micheli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Gioachino Belli|Giuseppe Gioachino Belli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giggi Zanazzo|Giggi Zanazzo]]'', ''[[w:it:Cesare Pascarella|Cesare Pascarella]]'', ''[[w:it:Trilussa|Trilussa]]'' and ''[[w:it:Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pier Paolo Pasolini]]'', with their major works being the ''[[wikisource:it:Cronica|Cronica]]'', ''[https://archive.org/details/stravaganzedamor00cast/page/88/mode/2up Stravaganze d’Amore]'', ''[https://www.poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/poetiscrittori/poeta/GiuseppeBerneri Meo Patacca]'', ''[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:0d0d0236-9b33-4bd5-8994-7b0c0567eee8 Povesie in Lengua Romanesca]'', ''[[wikisource:it:Sonetti romaneschi|Sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''[https://ia801601.us.archive.org/30/items/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft.pdf%20*Usi,%20e%20Costumi%20e%20Pregiudizi%20del%20Popolo%20di%20Roma%20|%20Giggi%20Zanazzo* Usi, Costumi e Pregiudizi del Popolo di Roma]'', ''[[w:it:Quaranta sonetti romaneschi|Quaranta sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''Trilussa''’s various ''[https://poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/Poetiscrittori/poeta/Trilussa works]'', ''[[w:it:Ragazzi di vita|Ragazzi di vita]]'', and in conclusion ''Fernando Ravaro''’s '''''Dizionario romanesco''''' and the '''''Vocabolario del Romanesco Contemporaneo''''' by ''Paolo d’Achille'' and ''Claudio Giovanni''. The project does not establish a hierarchy among its sources: forms may be adopted from literary texts, spoken usage, or contemporary media (such as Instagram and TikTok, or street graffiti) whenever they are attested and compatible with the system, even if ''[[w:en:hapax legomenon|hapax]]''. Some other forms may be reconstructed or speculated on the basis of irregular dialectal phenomena that become generalised in the selection or even neighbouring dialects which are historically proven to have influenced the Capital’s language (for example [[w:it:dialetto perugino|Perugine]] or [[w:it:dialetto lucchese|Lucchese]]).

Here is an example sentence (“I have begun to spill the beans, although we are forbidden by our mistresses, and we must never tell it, if not to those who want to learn”, with the 1527-1528 versions originally spoken and recorded respectively) translated in sundry variants of the vernacular of the corresponding time:

''XIV century''<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a sciogliere lo sacco, anco se simo vetate dalle nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se nnon a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''About 1527-1528''<blockquote>'''Witch:''' Io aio cumenzato a scioiere lu sacco, de che semo vetate dale nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Notary:''' Io ho comenziato ad sciogliere el sacco, benché siamo vetate dalle nostre patrone, che no lo habiamo mai a dire, se non a chi el volesse imparare.</blockquote>''XVIII century''<blockquote>Io ho cominzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le nostre padrone, e no’ lo potemo dine si non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''XIX century''<blockquote>Io ho incominciato a sgnaccherà, sibbè semo vietate da le padrone nostre, e nu lo potemo dì sinnò a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''2000>''<blockquote>Io ho ncominciato a parlà, pure se ’e padrone nostra ncio’o fanno fà, e no’o potemo dì se no a chi j’’o mparamo.</blockquote>And here is a more refined version, which condenses all the previous material:<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a esgnaccarar, sibbè da le patrone nostra siam vetate, e mai l’aiamo a dine, si none al quale sel voless’imparane.</blockquote>

VRL

2026-03-16T11:59:35Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Introduction */

==VRL==
===Introduction===
'''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based standard?”'', as it significantly incorporates elements brought from both popular and literary Tuscan on Roman speech. The language itself heavily draws from major authors such as ''[[w:it:Bartolomeo di Iacovo da Valmontone|Anonimo Romano]]'', ''[[w:it:Cristoforo Castelletti|Cristoforo Castelletti]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Berneri|Giuseppe Berneri]]'', ''[[w:it:Bendetto Micheli|Benedetto Micheli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Gioachino Belli|Giuseppe Gioachino Belli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giggi Zanazzo|Giggi Zanazzo]]'', ''[[w:it:Cesare Pascarella|Cesare Pascarella]]'', ''[[w:it:Trilussa|Trilussa]]'' and ''[[w:it:Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pier Paolo Pasolini]]'', with their major works being the ''[[wikisource:it:Cronica|Cronica]]'', ''[https://archive.org/details/stravaganzedamor00cast/page/88/mode/2up Stravaganze d’Amore]'', ''[https://www.poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/poetiscrittori/poeta/GiuseppeBerneri Meo Patacca]'', ''[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:0d0d0236-9b33-4bd5-8994-7b0c0567eee8 Povesie in Lengua Romanesca]'', ''[[wikisource:it:Sonetti romaneschi|Sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''[https://ia801601.us.archive.org/30/items/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft.pdf%20*Usi,%20e%20Costumi%20e%20Pregiudizi%20del%20Popolo%20di%20Roma%20|%20Giggi%20Zanazzo* Usi, Costumi e Pregiudizi del Popolo di Roma]'', ''[[w:it:Quaranta sonetti romaneschi|Quaranta sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''Trilussa''’s various ''[https://poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/Poetiscrittori/poeta/Trilussa works]'', ''[[w:it:Ragazzi di vita|Ragazzi di vita]]'', and in conclusion ''Fernando Ravaro''’s '''''Dizionario romanesco''''' and the '''''Vocabolario del Romanesco Contemporaneo''''' by ''Paolo d’Achille'' and ''Claudio Giovanni''. The project does not establish a hierarchy among its sources: forms may be adopted from literary texts, spoken usage, or contemporary media (such as Instagram and TikTok, or street graffiti) whenever they are attested and compatible with the system, even if ''[[w:en:hapax legomenon|hapax]]''. Some other forms may be reconstructed or speculated on the basis of irregular dialectal phenomena that become generalised in the selection or even neighbouring dialects which are historically proven to have influenced the Capital’s language (for example [[w:it:dialetto perugino|Perugine]] or [[w:it:dialetto lucchese|Lucchese]]).

Here is an example sentence (“I have begun to spill the beans, although we are forbidden by our mistresses, and we must never tell it, if not to those who want to learn”, with the 1527-1528 versions originally spoken and recorded respectively) translated in sundry variants of the vernacular of the corresponding time:

''XIV century''<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a sciogliere lo sacco, anco se simo vetate dalle nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se nnon a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''About 1527-1528''<blockquote>'''Witch:''' Io aio cumenzato a scioiere lu sacco, de che semo vetate dale nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Notary:''' Io ho comenziato ad sciogliere el sacco, benché siamo vetate dalle nostre patrone, che no lo habiamo mai a dire, se non a chi el volesse imparare.</blockquote>''XVIII century''<blockquote>Io ho cominzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le nostre padrone, e no’ lo potemo dine si non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''XIX century''<blockquote>Io ho incominciato a sgnaccherà, sibbè semo vietate da le padrone nostre, e nu lo potemo dì sinnò a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''2000>''<blockquote>Io ho ncominciato a parlà, pure se ’e padrone nostra ncio’o fanno fà, e no’o potemo dì se no a chi j’’o mparamo.</blockquote>And here is a more refined version, which condenses all the previous material:<blockquote>Io ajo comenzato a esgnaccarar, sibbè da le patrone nostra siam vetate, e mai l’ajamo a dine, si none al quale sel voless’imparane.</blockquote>where ''j'' can be read as both the archaic glide (as in “yes”) and the modern affricate (as in “joy”).

VRL

2026-03-16T11:56:21Z

Georgivs Patricii:

==VRL==
===Introduction===
'''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based standard?”'', as it significantly incorporates elements brought from both popular and literary Tuscan on Roman speech. The language itself heavily draws from major authors such as ''[[w:it:Bartolomeo di Iacovo da Valmontone|Anonimo Romano]]'', ''[[w:it:Cristoforo Castelletti|Cristoforo Castelletti]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Berneri|Giuseppe Berneri]]'', ''[[w:it:Bendetto Micheli|Benedetto Micheli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Gioachino Belli|Giuseppe Gioachino Belli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giggi Zanazzo|Giggi Zanazzo]]'', ''[[w:it:Cesare Pascarella|Cesare Pascarella]]'', ''[[w:it:Trilussa|Trilussa]]'' and ''[[w:it:Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pier Paolo Pasolini]]'', with their major works being the ''[[wikisource:it:Cronica|Cronica]]'', ''[https://archive.org/details/stravaganzedamor00cast/page/88/mode/2up Stravaganze d’Amore]'', ''[https://www.poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/poetiscrittori/poeta/GiuseppeBerneri Meo Patacca]'', ''[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:0d0d0236-9b33-4bd5-8994-7b0c0567eee8 Povesie in Lengua Romanesca]'', ''[[wikisource:it:Sonetti romaneschi|Sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''[https://ia801601.us.archive.org/30/items/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft.pdf%20*Usi,%20e%20Costumi%20e%20Pregiudizi%20del%20Popolo%20di%20Roma%20|%20Giggi%20Zanazzo* Usi, Costumi e Pregiudizi del Popolo di Roma]'', ''[[w:it:Quaranta sonetti romaneschi|Quaranta sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''Trilussa''’s various ''[https://poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/Poetiscrittori/poeta/Trilussa works]'', ''[[w:it:Ragazzi di vita|Ragazzi di vita]]'', and in conclusion ''Fernando Ravaro''’s '''''Dizionario romanesco''''' and the '''''Vocabolario del Romanesco Contemporaneo''''' by ''Paolo d’Achille'' and ''Claudio Giovanni''. The project does not establish a hierarchy among its sources: forms may be adopted from literary texts, spoken usage, or contemporary media (such as Instagram and TikTok, or street graffiti) whenever they are attested and compatible with the system, even if ''[[w:en:hapax legomenon|hapax]]''. Some other forms may be reconstructed or speculated on the basis of irregular dialectal phenomena that become generalised in the selection or even neighbouring dialects which are historically proven to have influenced the Capital’s language (for example [[w:it:dialetto perugino|Perugine]] or [[w:it:dialetto lucchese|Lucchese]]).

Here is an example sentence (“I have begun to spill the beans, although we are forbidden by our mistresses, and we must never tell it, if not to those who want to learn”, with the 1527-1528 versions originally spoken and recorded respectively) translated in sundry variants of the vernacular of the corresponding time:

''XIV century''<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a sciogliere lo sacco, anco se simo vetate dalle nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se nnon a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''About 1527-1528''<blockquote>'''Witch:''' Io aio cumenzato a scioiere lu sacco, de che semo vetate dale nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Notary:''' Io ho comenziato ad sciogliere el sacco, benché siamo vetate dalle nostre patrone, che no lo habiamo mai a dire, se non a chi el volesse imparare.</blockquote>''XVIII century''<blockquote>Io ho cominzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le nostre padrone, e no’ lo potemo dine si non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''XIX century''<blockquote>Io ho incominciato a sgnaccherà, sibbè semo vietate da le padrone nostre, e nu lo potemo dì sinnò a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''2000>''<blockquote>Io ho ncominciato a parlà, pure se ’e padrone nostra ncio’o fanno fà, e no’o potemo dì se no a chi j’’o mparamo.</blockquote>And here is a more refined version, which condenses all the previous material:<blockquote>Io ajo comenzato a esgnaccarar, sibbè da le patrone nostra siam vetate, e mai l’aggiamo a dine, si none al quale sel voless’imparane.</blockquote>where ''j'' can be read as both the archaic glide (as in “yes”) and the modern affricate (as in “joy”).

VRL

2026-03-16T11:52:38Z

Georgivs Patricii:

==VRL==
===Introduction===
'''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based standard?”'', as it significantly incorporates elements brought from both popular and literary Tuscan on Roman speech. The language itself heavily draws from major authors such as ''[[w:it:Bartolomeo di Iacovo da Valmontone|Anonimo Romano]]'', ''[[w:it:Cristoforo Castelletti|Cristoforo Castelletti]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Berneri|Giuseppe Berneri]]'', ''[[w:it:Bendetto Micheli|Benedetto Micheli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Gioachino Belli|Giuseppe Gioachino Belli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giggi Zanazzo|Giggi Zanazzo]]'', ''[[w:it:Cesare Pascarella|Cesare Pascarella]]'', ''[[w:it:Trilussa|Trilussa]]'' and ''[[w:it:Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pier Paolo Pasolini]]'', with their major works being the ''[[wikisource:it:Cronica|Cronica]]'', ''[https://archive.org/details/stravaganzedamor00cast/page/88/mode/2up Stravaganze d’Amore]'', ''[https://www.poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/poetiscrittori/poeta/GiuseppeBerneri Meo Patacca]'', ''[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:0d0d0236-9b33-4bd5-8994-7b0c0567eee8 Povesie in Lengua Romanesca]'', ''[[wikisource:it:Sonetti romaneschi|Sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''[https://ia801601.us.archive.org/30/items/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft.pdf%20*Usi,%20e%20Costumi%20e%20Pregiudizi%20del%20Popolo%20di%20Roma%20|%20Giggi%20Zanazzo* Usi, Costumi e Pregiudizi del Popolo di Roma]'', ''[[w:it:Quaranta sonetti romaneschi|Quaranta sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''Trilussa''’s various ''[https://poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/Poetiscrittori/poeta/Trilussa works]'', ''[[w:it:Ragazzi di vita|Ragazzi di vita]]'', and in conclusion ''Fernando Ravaro''’s '''''Dizionario romanesco''''' and the '''''Vocabolario del Romanesco Contemporaneo''''' by ''Paolo d’Achille'' and ''Claudio Giovanni''. The project does not establish a hierarchy among its sources: forms may be adopted from literary texts, spoken usage, or contemporary media (such as Instagram and TikTok, or street graffiti) whenever they are attested and compatible with the system, even if ''[[w:en:hapax legomenon|hapax]]''. Some other forms may be reconstructed or speculated on the basis of irregular dialectal phenomena that become generalised in the selection or even neighbouring dialects which are historically proven to have influenced the Capital’s language (for example [[w:it:dialetto perugino|Perugine]] or [[w:it:dialetto lucchese|Lucchese]]).

Here is an example sentence (“I have begun to spill the beans, although we are forbidden by our mistresses, and we must never tell it, if not to those who want to learn”, with the 1527-1528 versions originally spoken and recorded respectively) translated in sundry variants of the vernacular of the corresponding time:

''XIV century''<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a sciogliere lo sacco, anco se simo vetate dalle noste patrone, e nollo possemo dire se nnon a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''About 1527-1528''<blockquote>'''Witch:''' Io aio cumenzato a scioiere lu sacco, de che semo vetate dale nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Notary:''' Io ho comenziato ad sciogliere el sacco, benché siamo vetate dalle nostre patrone, che no lo habiamo mai a dire, se non a chi el volesse imparare.</blockquote>''XVIII century''<blockquote>Io ho cominzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le nostre padrone, e no’ lo potemo dine si non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''XIX century''<blockquote>Io ho incominciato a sgnaccherà, sibbè semo vietate da le padrone nostre, e nu lo potemo dì sinnò a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''2000>''<blockquote>Io ho ncominciato a parlà, pure se ’e padrone nostra ncio’o fanno fà, e no’o potemo dì se no a chi j’’o mparamo.</blockquote>And here is a more refined version, which condenses all the previous material:<blockquote>Io ajo comenzato a esgnaccarar, sibbè da le patrone nostra siam vetate, e mai l’aggiamo a dine, si none al quale sel voless’imparane.</blockquote>where ''j'' can be read as both the archaic glide (as in “yes”) and the modern affricate (as in “joy”).

VRL

2026-03-16T11:50:13Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Introduction */

==VRL==
===Introduction===
'''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based standard?”'', as it significantly incorporates elements brought from both popular and literary Tuscan on Roman speech. The language itself heavily draws from major authors such as ''[[w:it:Bartolomeo di Iacovo da Valmontone|Anonimo Romano]]'', ''[[w:it:Cristoforo Castelletti|Cristoforo Castelletti]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Berneri|Giuseppe Berneri]]'', ''[[w:it:Bendetto Micheli|Benedetto Micheli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giuseppe Gioachino Belli|Giuseppe Gioachino Belli]]'', ''[[w:it:Giggi Zanazzo|Giggi Zanazzo]]'', ''[[w:it:Cesare Pascarella|Cesare Pascarella]]'', ''[[w:it:Trilussa|Trilussa]]'' and ''[[w:it:Pier Paolo Pasolini|Pier Paolo Pasolini]]'', with their major works being the ''[[wikisource:it:Cronica|Cronica]]'', ''[https://archive.org/details/stravaganzedamor00cast/page/88/mode/2up Stravaganze d’Amore]'', ''[https://www.poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/poetiscrittori/poeta/GiuseppeBerneri Meo Patacca]'', ''[https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:EU:0d0d0236-9b33-4bd5-8994-7b0c0567eee8 Povesie in Lengua Romanesca]'', ''[[wikisource:it:Sonetti romaneschi|Sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''[https://ia801601.us.archive.org/30/items/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft/usicostumiepregi00zanauoft.pdf%20*Usi,%20e%20Costumi%20e%20Pregiudizi%20del%20Popolo%20di%20Roma%20|%20Giggi%20Zanazzo* Usi, Costumi e Pregiudizi del Popolo di Roma]'', ''[[w:it:Quaranta sonetti romaneschi|Quaranta sonetti romaneschi]]'', ''Trilussa''’s various ''[https://poesieromanesche.altervista.org/index.php/Poetiscrittori/poeta/Trilussa works]'', ''[[w:it:Ragazzi di vita|Ragazzi di vita]]'', and in conclusion ''Fernando Ravaro''’s '''''Dizionario romanesco''''' and the '''''Vocabolario del Romanesco Contemporaneo''''' by ''Paolo d’Achille'' and ''Claudio Giovanni''. The project does not establish a hierarchy among its sources: forms may be adopted from literary texts, spoken usage, or contemporary media (such as Instagram and TikTok, or street graffiti) whenever they are attested and compatible with the system, even if ''[[w:en:hapax legomenon|hapax]]''. Some other forms may be reconstructed or speculated on the basis of irregular dialectal phenomena that become generalised in the selection or even neighbouring dialects which are historically proven to have influenced the Capital’s language (for example [[w:it:dialetto perugino|Perugine]] or [[w:it:dialetto lucchese|Lucchese]]).

Here is an example sentence (“I have begun to spill the beans, although we are forbidden by our mistresses, and we must never tell it, if not to those who want to learn”, with the 1527-1528 versions originally spoken and recorded respectively) translated in sundry variants of the vernacular of the corresponding time:

''XIV century''<blockquote>Io aio comenzato a sciogliere lo sacco, anco se simo vetate dalle noste patrone, e nollo possemo dire se nnon a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''About 1527-1528''<blockquote>'''Witch:''' Io aio cumenzato a scioiere lu sacco, de che semo vetate dale nostre patrone, e nollo possemo dire se non a chi imparamo.</blockquote><blockquote>'''Notary:''' Io ho comenziato ad sciogliere el sacco, benché siamo vetate dalle nostre patrone, che no lo habiamo mai a dire, se non a chi el volesse imparare.</blockquote>''XVIII century''<blockquote>Io ho cominzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le nostre padrone, e no’ lo potemo dine si non a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''XIX century''<blockquote>Io ho incominciato a sgnaccherà, sibbè semo vietate da le padrone nostre, e nu lo potemo dì sinnò a chi imparamo.</blockquote>''2000>''<blockquote>Io ho ncominciato a parlà, pure se ’e padrone nostra ncio’o fanno fà, e no’o potemo dì se no a chi j’’o mparamo.</blockquote>And here is a more refined version, which condenses all the previous material:<blockquote>Io ajo comenzato a sgnaccherane, sibbè semo vetate da le patrone nostra, che avemollo mai a dine, sinnò a chi volessi impararesello.</blockquote>where ''j'' can be read as both the archaic glide (as in “yes”) and the modern affricate (as in “joy”).

VRL

2026-03-15T18:41:28Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Introduction */

VRL

2026-03-09T21:30:53Z

Georgivs Patricii:

VRL

2026-03-09T21:26:48Z

Georgivs Patricii:

VRL

2026-03-09T21:23:14Z

Georgivs Patricii:

VRL

2026-03-09T21:21:33Z

Georgivs Patricii:

VRL

2026-03-09T21:21:07Z

Georgivs Patricii:

VRL

2026-03-09T21:17:21Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Introduction */

VRL

2026-03-09T21:09:48Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Introduction */

VRL

2026-03-09T20:17:08Z

Georgivs Patricii: Created page with "==VRL== ===Introduction=== '''''VRL''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”) is a controlled literary language composed of various elements drawn from the vernacular historically spoken in Rome. It is not intended to be naturalistic; rather, it is deliberately artificial in its design. It does not attempt to answer the question ''“what if the vernacular of Rome had been adopted as the official language of Italy instead of a Florentine-based s..."

Cuirido

2026-03-09T19:15:40Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Phonology */

==Cuirido==

===Introduction===
'''''Cuirido''''' is the codified written standard derived from the urban variety of the '''''[[Juío]]''''' dialect continuum, spoken in the microstate of ''Esdrille''. It represents the most prestigious lect within this dialect chain and functions as the administrative and bureaucratic language of the capital city, ''Cabocroz''.
Its name derives from the proper name of the Quirites.

===Historical Development===
'''''Cuirido''''' developed from an earlier codified written standard, '''''[[VRL]]''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”). Its evolution is characterised by a series of phonological developments broadly comparable to those found in Castilian Spanish. These include the loss of final ''-e'' in specific phonological environments, the shift of final ''-i'' to ''-e'', intervocalic lenition and degemination of consonants, the palatalisation of geminated ''nn'' and ''ll'', and the diphthongisation of open vowels. '''''Cuirido''''' is officially written in the orthography of Castilian Spanish.

===Phonology===
'''''Cuirido'''''’s phonological system is also largely similar to that of Castilian Spanish, yet it retains the /ʎ/ ⟨ll⟩ sound, ⟨j⟩ represents the /d͡ʒ/ sound and ⟨x⟩ /ʃ/ and makes a distinction between /v/ and /b/.

Cuirido

2026-03-09T16:55:52Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Introduction */

Cuirido

2026-03-09T15:53:11Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Historical Development */

==Cuirido==

===Introduction===
'''''Cuirido''''' is the codified written standard derived from the urban variety of the '''''[[Juío]]''''' dialect continuum, spoken in the microstate of ''Esdrille''. It represents the most prestigious lect within this dialect chain and functions as the administrative and bureaucratic language of the capital city, ''Cabocroz''.

===Historical Development===
'''''Cuirido''''' developed from an earlier codified written standard, '''''[[VRL]]''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”). Its evolution is characterised by a series of phonological developments broadly comparable to those found in Castilian Spanish. These include the loss of final ''-e'' in specific phonological environments, the shift of final ''-i'' to ''-e'', intervocalic lenition and degemination of consonants, the palatalisation of geminated ''nn'' and ''ll'', and the diphthongisation of open vowels. '''''Cuirido''''' is officially written in the orthography of Castilian Spanish.

===Phonology===
'''''Cuirido'''''’s phonological system is also largely similar to that of Castilian Spanish, yet it retains the /ʎ/ ⟨ll⟩ sound, ⟨j⟩ represents the /d͡ʒ/ sound and ⟨x⟩ /ʃ/.

Cuirido

2026-03-09T15:52:00Z

Georgivs Patricii: Created page with "==Cuirido== ===Introduction=== '''''Cuirido''''' is the codified written standard derived from the urban variety of the '''''Juío''''' dialect continuum, spoken in the microstate of ''Esdrille''. It represents the most prestigious lect within this dialect chain and functions as the administrative and bureaucratic language of the capital city, ''Cabocroz''. ===Historical Development=== '''''Cuirido''''' developed from an earlier codified written standard, '''''VR..."

==Cuirido==

===Introduction===
'''''Cuirido''''' is the codified written standard derived from the urban variety of the '''''[[Juío]]''''' dialect continuum, spoken in the microstate of ''Esdrille''. It represents the most prestigious lect within this dialect chain and functions as the administrative and bureaucratic language of the capital city, ''Cabocroz''.

===Historical Development===
'''''Cuirido''''' developed from an earlier codified written standard, '''''[[VRL]]''''' (''Volgar Romano Lustro'', “Illustrious Roman Vernacular”). Its evolution is characterised by a series of phonological developments broadly comparable to those found in Castilian Spanish. These include the loss of final ''-e'' in specific phonological environments, the shift of final ''-i'' to ''-e'', intervocalic lenition and degemination of consonants, the palatalisation of geminated ''nn'' and ''ll'', and the diphthongisation of open vowels. '''''Cuirido''''' is officially written using the orthography of Castilian Spanish.

===Phonology===
'''''Cuirido'''''’s phonological system is also largely similar to that of Castilian Spanish, yet it retains the /ʎ/ ⟨ll⟩ sound, ⟨j⟩ represents the /d͡ʒ/ sound and ⟨x⟩ /ʃ/.

Contionary:añán

2026-03-09T15:01:00Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Pronunciation */

==Cuirido==
===Pronunciation===
([[City Centre]]): /aˈɲan/
===Etymology===
Inherited from [[VRL]] [[annane]] (“to go”).

===Verb===
'''añán'''
# to go
====Conjugation====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! colspan="8" | Conjugation of añán (-án, irregular)
|-
| colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | infinitive
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añán
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | auxiliary verb
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | sen
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | gerund
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añaño
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | participle
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añante
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | supine
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añado, ido
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#efefef;" | person
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#efefef;" | singular
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#efefef;" | plural
|- style="font-weight:bold; font-family:inherit;"
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | yo
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | tu
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | eso/e
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | nua(ntre)
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | vua(ntre)
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | ese
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | indicative
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | present
| vajo
| vé
| vó
| añamo
| añad
| vago
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | imperfect
| añava
| añave
| añava
| añaimo
| añayo
| añáveno
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | future
| andrajo
| andré
| andró
| andremo
| andred
| andrago
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | perfect
| añey
| añiste
| añé
| añeimo
| añeyo
| añerno
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | conditional
| andra
| andre
| andra
| andramo
| andrad
| ándrino
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | subjunctive
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | present
| vaye
| vaye
| vaye
| añemo
| añed
| vaino
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | imperfect
| añase
| añase
| añase
| añasmo
| añasio
| añasno
|}

Contionary:añán

2026-03-09T15:00:05Z

Georgivs Patricii: /* Verb */

==Cuirido==
===Pronunciation===
([[City Centre]]): /aˈɲan/
===Verb===
'''añán'''
# to go
====Conjugation====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! colspan="8" | Conjugation of añán (-án, irregular)
|-
| colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | infinitive
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añán
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | auxiliary verb
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | sen
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | gerund
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añaño
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | participle
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añante
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | supine
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añado, ido
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#efefef;" | person
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#efefef;" | singular
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#efefef;" | plural
|- style="font-weight:bold; font-family:inherit;"
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | yo
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | tu
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | eso/e
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | nua(ntre)
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | vua(ntre)
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | ese
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | indicative
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | present
| vajo
| vé
| vó
| añamo
| añad
| vago
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | imperfect
| añava
| añave
| añava
| añaimo
| añayo
| añáveno
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | future
| andrajo
| andré
| andró
| andremo
| andred
| andrago
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | perfect
| añey
| añiste
| añé
| añeimo
| añeyo
| añerno
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | conditional
| andra
| andre
| andra
| andramo
| andrad
| ándrino
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | subjunctive
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | present
| vaye
| vaye
| vaye
| añemo
| añed
| vaino
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | imperfect
| añase
| añase
| añase
| añasmo
| añasio
| añasno
|}

Contionary:añán

2026-03-09T14:58:53Z

Georgivs Patricii: Created page with "==Cuirido== ===Pronunciation=== (City Centre): /aˈɲan/ ===Verb=== '''añán''' ====Conjugation==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- style="text-align:left;" ! colspan="8" | Conjugation of añán (-án, irregular) |- | colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | infinitive | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añán |- | colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | auxiliary verb | colspan="2"..."

==Cuirido==
===Pronunciation===
([[City Centre]]): /aˈɲan/
===Verb===
'''añán'''
====Conjugation====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="text-align:left;"
! colspan="8" | Conjugation of añán (-án, irregular)
|-
| colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | infinitive
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añán
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | auxiliary verb
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | sen
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | gerund
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añaño
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | participle
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añante
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#ffffc7;" | supine
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#ecf4ff;" | añado, ido
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background-color:#efefef;" | person
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#efefef;" | singular
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#efefef;" | plural
|- style="font-weight:bold; font-family:inherit;"
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | yo
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | tu
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | eso/e
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | nua(ntre)
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | vua(ntre)
| style="background-color:#efefef;" | ese
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| rowspan="5" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | indicative
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | present
| vajo
| vé
| vó
| añamo
| añad
| vago
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | imperfect
| añava
| añave
| añava
| añaimo
| añayo
| añáveno
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | future
| andrajo
| andré
| andró
| andremo
| andred
| andrago
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | perfect
| añey
| añiste
| añé
| añeimo
| añeyo
| añerno
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#96fffb;" | conditional
| andra
| andre
| andra
| andramo
| andrad
| ándrino
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | subjunctive
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | present
| vaye
| vaye
| vaye
| añemo
| añed
| vaino
|- style="font-family:inherit; background-color:#ecf4ff;"
| style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#9aff99;" | imperfect
| añase
| añase
| añase
| añasmo
| añasio
| añasno
|}