Linguifex - User contributions [en]

Hanebrugish

2024-07-26T01:16:06Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
| name = Hanebrugish
| altname = Hanebruggish
| nativename = Hanebrugish
| image = Hanebrugish-flag.png
| imagecaption = ''Se Fane'', the Hanebrugish flag.
| pronunciation = ˈhanəbɾyɣɪʃ
| creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
| created = September 2023
| states = Hanebrug
| extinct = October 2023
| revived = February 2024
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = ?[[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
| fam4 = Hanebrugish
| posteriori = [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]]
| stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westerhanebrugish'')
| dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasterhanebrugish'')†
| script1 = Latn
| notice = IPA
}}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-26T01:13:56Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
| name = Hanebrugish
| altname = Hanebruggish
| nativename = Hanebrugish
| image = Hanebrugish-flag.png
| imagecaption = ''Se Fane'', the Hanebrugish flag.
| pronunciation = ˈhanəbɾyɣɪʃ
| creator = [User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles], xadrezo
| created = September 2023
| states = Hanebrug
| extinct = October 2023
| revived = February 2024
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = ?[[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
| fam4 = Hanebrugish
| posteriori = [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]]
| stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westerhanebrugish'')
| dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasterhanebrugish'')†
| script1 = Latn
| notice = IPA
}}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-26T01:13:38Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
| name = Hanebrugish
| altname = Hanebruggish
| nativename = Hanebrugish
| image = Hanebrugish-flag.png
| imagecaption = ''Se Fane'', the Hanebrugish flag.
| pronunciation = ˈhanəbɾyɣɪʃ
| creator = [User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles], xadrezo
| created = September 2023
| states = Hanebrug
| extinct = October 2023
| revived = February 2024
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = ?[[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
| fam4 = Hanebrugish
| posteriori = [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]]
| stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westerhanebrugish'')
| dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasterhanebrugish'')†
| dia2 = Sangish†
| dia3 = Hanefurpish†
| dia4 = Arkeburgish†
| script1 = Latn
| notice = IPA
}}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-24T07:18:26Z

Charles Jeanfils: reworking

{{Infobox language
| name = Hanebrugish
| altname = Hanebruggish
| nativename = Hanebrugish
| image = Hanebrugish-flag.png
| imagecaption = ''Se Fane'', the Hanebrugish flag.
| pronunciation = ˈhanəbɾyɣɪʃ
| creator = [User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles], xadrezo
| created = September 2023
| states = Hanebrug
| extinct = October 2023
| revived = February 2024
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam1 = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
| fam3 = ?[[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
| fam4 = Hanebrugish
| posteriori = [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]]
| stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
| dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasterhanebrugish'')†
| dia2 = Sangish†
| dia3 = Hanefurpish†
| dia4 = Arkeburgish†
| script1 = Latn
| notice = IPA
}}

File:Hanebrugish-flag.png

2024-07-24T07:00:00Z

Charles Jeanfils: The flag of Hanebrug.

== Summary ==
The flag of Hanebrug.

Hanebrugish

2024-07-24T04:28:47Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T19:28:51Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic will also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening or [[w:Diphthongization|diphthongization]] on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (example of both articulational and voicing assimilation)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
! Rhotic coda
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
| ɪɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
| iːɐ̯
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
| ʏɐ̯
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
| jʉ̞ɐ̯
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
| yːɐ̯
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
| jʉːɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
| uːɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
| ɛɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ˑ
| əɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ˑ
| äː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T19:26:20Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening or [[w:Diphthongization|diphthongization]] on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (example of both articulational and voicing assimilation)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
! Elided rhotic coda
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
| ɪɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
| iːɐ̯
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
| ʏɐ̯
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
| jʉ̞ɐ̯
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
| yːɐ̯
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
| jʉːɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
| uːɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
| ɛɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ˑ
| əɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ˑ
| äː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T19:25:52Z

Charles Jeanfils: elided rhotic qualities

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening or [[w:Diphthongization|diphthongization]] on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (example of both articulational and voicing assimilation)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
! Elided rhotic coda
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
| ɪɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
| iːɐ̯
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
| ʏɐ̯ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
| jʉ̞ɐ̯ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
| yːɐ̯ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
| jʉːɐ̯ˑ
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
| uːɐ̯ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
| ɛɐ̯ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ˑ
| əɐ̯
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ˑ
| äː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T19:21:28Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening or [[w:Diphthongization|diphthongization]] on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (example of both articulational and voicing assimilation)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
! Rhotic coda
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ˑ
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T19:17:29Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (example of both articulational and voicing assimilation)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ˑ
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T17:24:04Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (example of both articulational and voicing assimilation)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ː
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T17:23:33Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* ''A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:''
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (''example of both articulational assimilation and voicing assimilation'')
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ː
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T17:21:03Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
* A good deal of anticipatory assimilation occurs in Hanebrugish with respect to both [[w:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] and voicing:
** e.g. ''Aroa'''dsh'''un'' (''n. ns.'' '[https://www.nguh.org/languages/arodjun Arodjun]' /ˈaruə̯'''dʃ'''ỹ/ [ˈäːɾuːə̯'''d̠ʒ'''ø̃ˑ] (''example of both articulational assimilation and voicing assimilation'')
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ː
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T17:15:41Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following palatals, these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ː
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T15:03:28Z

Charles Jeanfils: filled in phonetic vowel qualities chart

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following only /j/ do these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed str. or unstr.
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| i
| ɪː
| ɪ
| ẽˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| iə̯
| colspan=2 | iːə̯
| ɪ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! rowspan="2" | y
! {{small|intact}}
| ʏː
| ʏ
| ø̃ˑ
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| jʉ̞ː
| jʉ̞
| jɵ̃ˑ
|-
! rowspan="2" | yə̯
! {{small|intact}}
| colspan=2 | yːə̯
| ʏ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! {{small|broken}}
| colspan=2 | jʉːə̯
| jʉ̞̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2" | uə̯
| colspan=2 | uːə̯
| ʊ̃ːɐ̯̃
|-
! colspan="2"| e
| e̞ː
| ɛ
| æ̃ˑ
|-
! colspan="2"| ə
|
| ə
| ɐ̃ː
|-
! colspan="2"| a
| äː
| ä
| ɑ̃ː
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T14:45:04Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils|Charles]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following only /j/ do these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed or unstressed
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| /i/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /iə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /y/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /yə̯/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | /uə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /e/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /ə/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /a/
|
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T14:44:51Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = [[User:Charles Jeanfils]], xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following only /j/ do these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed or unstressed
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| /i/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /iə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /y/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /yə̯/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | /uə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /e/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /ə/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /a/
|
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T14:29:29Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology)|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following only /j/ do these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed or unstressed
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| /i/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /iə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /y/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /yə̯/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | /uə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /e/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /ə/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /a/
|
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T14:28:29Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

===[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]===
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following only /j/ do these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed or unstressed
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| /i/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /iə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /y/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /yə̯/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | /uə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /e/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /ə/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /a/
|
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T14:26:53Z

Charles Jeanfils: links, phonetic vowel quality chart (wip)

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==[[w:Etymology|Etymology]]==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==[[w:Phonology|Phonology]]==
===[[w:Consonant|Consonants]]===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant [[w:Phoneme|phoneme]] inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===[[w:Vowel|Vowels]]===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-[[w:Vertical vowel system|vertical]] 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

====[[w:Allophone|Allophony]]====
* /VN/ [[w:Syllable|codas]] are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] ([[w:Compensatory lengthening|compensatory lengthening]] only applying toward [[w:Monophthong|monophthongs]]).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this nasalization is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad [[w:Phonetic transcription|transcription]] because /n m/ become non[[w:Contrast (linguistics)|contrastive]] in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is a [[w:Trill consonant|trill]] [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also [[w:Assimilation (phonology|cause other consonants to retract]]; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also [[w:Elision|elide]] completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a [[w:Tap and flap consonants|tap]] [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of [[w:Lenition|lenition]] occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo [[w:Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also [[w:Consonant voicing and devoicing|voice]] when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will [[w:Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalize]] preceding consonants. Following only /j/ do these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Phonetic Vowel Qualities
|-
! colspan=2 |
! [[w:Open syllable lengthening|Stressed + open]]
! Closed or unstressed
! [[w:Nasalization|Nasalized]]
|-
! colspan="2"| /i/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /iə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /y/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | /yə̯/
! {{small|intact}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|broken}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | /uə̯/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /e/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /ə/
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| /a/
|
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T13:54:16Z

Charles Jeanfils: more allophony

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia4 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/ [ˈhäːnᵊˌbɾʲʉ̞ɣɪʃ]), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===2024 Revitalization Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish has an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Close-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

====Allophony====
* /VN/ codas are allophonically realized as [Ṽː] (compensatory lengthening only applying toward monophthongs).
**e.g. ''ta'''n'''f'' (''n. ms.'' 'tooth') /t'''ã'''f/ [t̪'''ɑ̃ˑ'''f]
** '''Note:''' While this change is not actually phonemic, it is still typically recognized in broad transcription because /n m/ become noncontrastive in the coda.
* /r/ ''has three standard realizations determined by placement:''
** Word-initially, it is trilled [r].
***e.g. '''''r'''oad'' (''adj.'' 'red') /ˈ'''r'''uə̯d/ [ˈ'''r'''uːə̯d̪]
** In complex codas, it is a retroflex approximant [ɻ].
***e.g. ''swa'''r'''t'' (''adj.'' 'black, swarthy') /ˈswa'''r'''t/ [ˈswä'''ɻ'''ʈ] ''or'' [ˈswä'''ː'''ʈ]
*** As shown here, the rhotic will also cause other consonants to retract; this only applies to coronals. The rhotic may also elide completely, causing compensatory lengthening on a preceding monophthong.
** Elsewhere, it is a tapped [ɾ].
*** e.g. ''f'''r'''ia'' (''num.'' 'three, 3') /ˈf'''r'''iə̯/ [ˈf'''ɾ'''iːə̯]
* ''A decent amount of lenition occurs allophonically in Hanebrugish:''
** Voiced stops will undergo intervocalic lenition; /b d ɡ/ → [β ð ɣ].
*** e.g. ''oa'''g'''e'' (''n. nw.'' 'eye') /ˈuə̯'''ɡ'''ə/ [ˈuːə̯'''ɣ'''ᵊ]
*** This lenition can also occur when the voiced stop is inbetween nasal and a vowel.
** /ɡ/ also softens in all word-final codas and word-medial ones that are followed by a stop.
*** e.g. ''fua ma'''g'''t'' (''v. pret.'' 'thou mayest') /ˌfyə̯ ˈma'''ɡ'''t/ [ˌfʲʉːə̯ ˈmä'''x'''t̪θ]
* The fricatives /f s ʃ/ voice intervocalically to /v z ʒ/.
** e.g. ''fi'''sh'''en'' (''v. w.'' 'to fish') /ˈfi'''ʃ'''ə̃/ [ˈfɪː'''ʒ'''ɐ̃ˑ]
** These fricatives also voice when they are inbetween a nasal and a vowel, like voiced stops.
* /y yə̯/ are better phonetically realized as [jʉ̞ jʉːə̯]; these vowels will palatalize preceding consonants. Following only /j/ do these vowels remain phonetically intact as [ʏ yːə̯].
** e.g. ''j'''ua''' b'''ua''''' (''v. irr.'' 'you (all) are') /ˌj'''yə̯''' ˈb'''yə̯'''/ [ˌj'''yːə̯''' ˈb'''ʲʉːə̯''']

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T13:26:53Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T03:22:28Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T02:38:17Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-21T00:28:42Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T22:44:30Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T22:43:52Z

Charles Jeanfils: allophony, font changes

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T21:34:51Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia3 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish possesses an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds (I mean, just look at [[w:Danish phonology|Danish]]).
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Closed-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T21:33:29Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia3 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish possesses an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical 8-vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Closed-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T21:24:17Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|dia3 = Arkeburgish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish possesses an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Closed-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T21:23:31Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge'').

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish possesses an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Closed-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T21:22:08Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish possesses an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Closed-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T21:16:35Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-[[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
[[File:Hanebrug at night.png|thumb|View of Vanilla Hanebrug at night.|right]]
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish possesses an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Closed-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

File:Hanebrug at night.png

2024-07-20T21:13:37Z

Charles Jeanfils: The Minecraft settlement of Hanebrug

== Summary ==
The Minecraft settlement of Hanebrug

File:Hanephoto.jpg

2024-07-20T21:08:45Z

Charles Jeanfils: Hannah, the cat after which Hanebrug was named.

== Summary ==
Hannah, the cat after which Hanebrug was named.

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T21:00:03Z

Charles Jeanfils: vowels chart and general minor edits

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-[[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:East Germanic languages|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ|*brugjǭ]]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Vowels===
Hanebrugish possesses an extraordinarily minimal, near-vertical vowel inventory, unlike most Germanic languages that tend to have lots of vowel sounds.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Vowels
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Non-back
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|short]]}}
! {{small|[[w:Vowel length|long]]}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Close vowel|High]]
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|unround.]]}}
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
| iə̯
|
|-
! {{small|[[w:Roundedness|rounded]]}}
| [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]
| yə̯
| uə̯
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Closed-mid vowel|High-mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]
|
|
|-
! colspan="2"| [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]]
|
|
|-
|}

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T13:32:25Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-East Germanic
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T13:32:05Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-East Germanic
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]] and [[w:Rhotacism|rhotacism]] and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most characteristic sound changes found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. Unfortunately, there was never any formal effort to teach the language to the citizens of Hanebrug. Other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T13:20:56Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T13:11:41Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T13:11:14Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T13:09:03Z

Charles Jeanfils:

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T13:06:20Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-[[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]]
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of umlaut and rhotacism and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most definitive sound change trends found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. While no one did ever achieve any level of fluency in Hanebrugish, other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T12:34:28Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-East Germanic
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of umlaut and rhotacism and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most definitive sound change trends found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. While no one did ever achieve any level of fluency in Hanebrugish, other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual 16-consonant phoneme inventory.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T12:33:30Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-East Germanic
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of umlaut and rhotacism and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most definitive sound change trends found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. While no one did ever achieve any level of fluency in Hanebrugish, other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual inventory of 16 consonant phonemes.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T12:32:57Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-East Germanic
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of umlaut and rhotacism and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic ''[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ]'', with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most definitive sound change trends found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. While no one did ever achieve any level of fluency in Hanebrugish, other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored, and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual inventory of 16 consonant phonemes.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T12:26:45Z

Charles Jeanfils:

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-East Germanic
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of umlaut and rhotacism and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ], with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most definitive sound change trends found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. While no one did ever achieve any level of fluency in Hanebrugish, other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored, and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a minimal yet not relatively unusual inventory of 16 consonant phonemes.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T12:25:14Z

Charles Jeanfils: consonant

{{Infobox language
|image = Haanbrugs.jpg
|imagesize = 185px
|imagecaption = Flag of Hanebrug
|name = Hanebrugish
|nativename = Hanebrugish
|pronunciation = ˈhanəbryɡiʃ
|state = Hanebrug
|created = September 2023
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = Para-East Germanic
|creator = Charles, xadrezo
|dia1 = East Hanebrugish (''Oasthanebrugish'')†
|dia2 = Sangish†
|dia3 = Hanefurpish†
|stand1 = West Hanebrugish (''Westhanebrugish'')
|script1 = Latin
|notice = IPA
}}

'''Hanebrugish''' (Hanebrugish:  ''Hanebrugish''; /ˈhanəbryɡiʃ/), also spelled '''Hanebruggish''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]] conlang originally developed for Hanebrug, a city founded by a small band of friends (who all happened to be linguistics nerds) on a [[w:Minecraft|Minecraft]] Realm in September 2023. Its lack of umlaut and rhotacism and its other similarities to [[w:Gothic language|East Germanic]] make it characteristically simple and conservative compared to other Germanic languages that are spoken today.

==Etymology==
Hanebrug is ultimately named after one of Charles' cats, Hannah, who had already been enjoying a sort of celebrity status within the friend group; "Hane" is Charles' favorite nickname for her. The original proposal for the city's name was actually ''Haneburg'', but a typo rendered it ''Hanebrug''; the mistake stuck and the city was thus officially named ''Hanebrug''. In Hanebrugish, ''Hanebrug'' can be analyzed as a compound of ''Hane'' ("Hannah, Hane") + ''brug'' ("bridge"), making the city's name literally translate to "Hanebridge." The term ''brug'' comes from Proto-Germanic [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugj%C7%AD *brugjǭ], with irregular schwa-deletion (the expected form would be ''*bruge''). The irregularity of ''brug'' likely has to do with it having originally been a mispelling of ''burg'' instead of a conventionally derived word.

==History==
===Early September 2023 and Vanilla Hanebrug===
Hanebrugish was first developed in September 2023 by co-founders Charles (then known by Charlotte) and xadrezo, with the intent of giving Hanebrug a deeper, more defined culture with its own language. Because they wanted it to be both easily made and taught to the rest of Hanebrug, they did away with some of the most definitive sound change trends found in the Germanic languages, like [[w:Umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut]]. While no one did ever achieve any level of fluency in Hanebrugish, other members of Hanebrug would go on to contribute to the language's development during its first revival effort. Road signs were written in both English and Hanebrugish, as well as official documentations.

===Late September—Early October and Modded Hanebrug===
Sometime during the later half of September, the friend group decided that they would restart Hanebrug in a modded server. Using the same seed from before, most of the group returned to Hanebrug's location to rebuild it, now with mods. By October, a space race was brewing between Hanebrug and a member who chose to remain at the world spawn. The space race led to a destructive drama that would end with modded Hanebrug being griefed beyond repair. The situation fractured the friend group, effectively killing Hanebrug and the Hanebrugish language along with it.

===Early 2024 and the Revival Efforts===
In February 2024, Charles, xadrezo and other former members of Hanebrug wanted to revive the Minecraft Realm, thus revitalizing Hanebrugish. More documentation was made on the language; members started to contribute by forming their own dialects of the language, each with their own distinct identity. This initial revitalization effort quickly died out due to even more drama. This would eventually result in one of the co-founders, Charles, being exiled from the friend group.

Even after splitting from the group, Charles still loved the conlang he co-authored, and wanted to continue to work on developing it by himself; he has been actively working on it ever since then.

==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Hanebrugish has a fairly minimal 16 consonant phonemes, which is not unusually minimal for a Germanic language.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''Hanebrugish'' Consonants
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| style="border-right: 0;" |  [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |

Hanebrugish

2024-07-20T12:07:22Z

Charles Jeanfils: